Friday, August 10, 2012

Living Wills in New Jersey Law

Anyone who cares about the feelings of their family members, or their own final health care treatment, should consider executing a Living Will. It has become an critical element in the convention of Estate Planning Attorneys.

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How is Living Wills in New Jersey Law

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Why? A Living Will permits the inpatient to communicate, in advance, the healing care decisions he or she would make if rendered incapacitated, so that their family won't be put in the difficult position of having to do so for them.

The recent nationwide controversy caused by the unfortunate situation of a woman in Florida, who did not possess a Living Will, has demonstrated the family pain created by this issue and sparked renewed collective interest in the Living Will. Clients from California to New Jersey have contacted Estate Planning Attorneys to learn more about them.

The Basics:

The legal name for a Living Will is an industrialized Directive, a document codified nearly 15 years ago by The New Jersey industrialized Directives for health Care Act.

In New Jersey, according to the law, an industrialized Directive, or Living Will, in and of itself, is a uncomplicated document needing only to be in writing, signed and dated in the presence of two subscribing adult witnesses who must attest to the fact that the someone is of sound mind and free from duress and undue influence. Alternatively, it simply may be signed, dated and acknowledged before a notary public, an attorney or other someone authorized in New Jersey to administer oaths.

The industrialized Directive becomes operative when it is transmitted to the attending physician who has thought about that the inpatient lacks the capacity to make a particular health care decision.

Once made, the inpatient may revoke the industrialized Directive whether by oral or written declaration of the revocation to the "Health Care Representative", physician, nurse or other health care professional, or by any other act evidencing an intent to revoke the document. In other words, the inpatient can turn his or her mind, at any time, simply by saying so.

What It Does:

Consistent with the terms of an advance Directive, life-sustaining treatment may be withheld or withdrawn from a inpatient if the life-sustaining treatment is:

· Experimental and not proven therapy, or is likely to be ineffective or futile in prolonging life, or is likely to merely prolong an imminent dying process;

· The inpatient is constantly unconscious, as thought about by the attending physician and confirmed by a second suited physician;

· The inpatient is in a concluding health as thought about by the attending physician and confirmed by a second suited physician, or

· The inpatient has a serious irreversible illness or condition, and the likely risks and burdens connected with the medial intervention to be withheld or withdrawn may be reasonably judged to outweigh the likely benefits to the patients from such intervention or imposition on an unwilling inpatient would be inhumane.

The law allows the attending physician, consistent with the terms of the advance Directive, to issue a "Do Not Resuscitate" Order.

Two Types -- schooling and Proxy:

There are two types of New Jersey industrialized Directive, or Living Will: An schooling Directive and a Proxy Directive. You may select to originate whether one or both.

The first type, an Instructive Directive is what clients usually mean when referring to a Living Will. It provides instructions and directions concerning health care in the event that the inpatient subsequently lacks such decision-making capacity. The schooling Directive may state the person's general treatment doctrine and objections together with the person's specific wishes concerning the provision, withholding or relinquishment of any form of health care, including life-sustaining treatment.

The second type, the Proxy Directive is more similar to a Power of Attorney because it appoints a "Health Care Representative" to make health care decisions in the event the inpatient subsequently loses the capacity to make such decisions.

A someone may appoint as his "Health Care Representative" any competent adult, including a family member, a friend or a religious adviser. Once the person's attending physician determines that a someone lacks decision- production capacity (along with confirmation of an additional one physician, unless that person's lack of decision-making capacity is clearly apparent), the "Health Care Representative" has the authority to make health care decisions on profit of the patient. The "Health Care Representative" is to make all health care decisions the inpatient would have made had he or she possessed decision-making capacity, or where the patient's wishes cannot be thought about adequately, to make a decision in the best interest of the patient.

In carrying out the person's wishes, the "Health Care Representative" is to give priority to that patient's schooling Directive, if one exists. Also, a Proxy Directive can be written in New Jersey so as to place specific limitations upon the authority of the "Health Care Representative".

Also important to note, the Living Will statute in New Jersey outside Proxy Directives specifically protects the patient's "Health Care Representative" from liability. The law states that the "Health Care Representative" is not imposed with any liability for any portion of the person's health care costs, not branch to criminal or civil liability for any activity performed in good faith and in accordance with the provisions of the act to carry out the terms of the advance Directive.

Physician and Hospital Responsibilities:

Interestingly, the law requires the attending physician to make affirmative inquiry of the patient, his family or others as proper under the circumstances, concerning the existence of an advance Directive. In other words, the attending physician must start the question of a Living Will. The attending physician is required to note in the patient's healing records whether an advance Directive exists and the name of the patient's "Health Care Representative", if any. If an advance Directive exists, a copy must be attached to the patient's medial records.

Health care institutions including hospitals, nursing homes, home health care agencies and hospice programs are required to adopt policies and practices that are critical to supply for disposition inquiry at the time of admission and other proper times concerning the existence and location of an advance Directive. Moreover, health care institutions must adopt policies and practices critical to supply proper informational materials concerning advance Directive to all concerned patients, their families and their "Health Care Representatives", and to aid those patients in discussing the executing an advance Directive.

These health care institutions will also be required to adopt policies and practices critical to educate patients, their families and "Health Care Representatives" about the availability, benefits and burdens of rehabilitative treatment, therapy and services, included but not microscopic to family and collective services, self-help and advocacy services, employment and society living, and the use of assisting devices. health care institutions must design procedures and practices for resolution of the disputes among the patient, and "Health Care Representative" and attending physician in the event there is variation concerning the patient's decision production capacity or in the interpretation of the advance Directive concerning the patient's course of treatment.

The New Jersey law on Living Wills expressly states that it should not be interpreted to impair the obligations of health care professionals to supply for the care and relax of the inpatient and to alleviate pain, in accordance with proper healing and nursing standards.

The patient's family, "Health Care Representative", and proper others should be informed that if a someone has appointed a "Health Care Representative" and subsequently lacks decisions-making capacity concerning a particular health care decision, the attending physician must acquire the informed consent for, or refusal of, health care from the "Health Care Representative" after discussing the nature and the consequences of the person's healing condition, and the risks, benefits and burdens of the proposed health care and its alternatives. However, if the inpatient is subsequently found to possess enough decision-making capacity, the inpatient shall reserve legal authority to make the health care decision.

Moreover, even if the inpatient lacks decision-making capacity, but nonetheless clearly expresses the wish that medically proper measures be utilized to reserve life, that wish shall take precedence over any contrary decision of the "Health Care Representative" and over any contrary statement in the patient's Instructive Directive.

Conclusion:

The services of an Estate Planning Attorney are not necessarily required in New Jersey to execute a Living Will - just as they are not required to execute a Real Estate compact or a Last Will & Testament - provided the document is in the allowable form, correctly drafted, signed and witnessed. Any way to be sure that a Living Will conforms to New Jersey legal guidelines and that the patient's wishes in the event of incapacity are clearly expressed - so as to be understood and followed - it may be economical to consult a lawyer experienced in Estate Planning before the occasion arises in which the Living Will is needed.

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